Project Duration: 2020 – 2022
Inception Phase: April 2020 – July 2020
Implementation Phase: August 2020 – August 2022
Countries: IGAD Member States
Sector: Transport and Trade Facilitation, Private Sector Development
Project Partners : IGAD & PACCI
Funded by : AfDB
STUDIES COMPLETED
DOCUMENTS PRODUCED
THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON TRADE AND TRADE FACILITATION ALONG THE ETHIOPIA-DJIBOUTI CORRIDOR
ANALYSIS AND RESPONSES NEEDED
This paper aims at providing a rapid assessment of the immediate effects of COVID-19 on trade and trade facilitation in the IGAD region with a particular focus on the Ethiopia-Djibouti corridor. The Ethiopia-Djibouti corridor is a main conduit for trade in the IGAD region. It is the dominant gateway for Ethiopia, accounting for over 95 percent of the country’s exports and imports, with other routes (e.g. Port Sudan, Berbera and Mombasa) being of limited importance.
The objective of this briefing paper is to provide the two direct beneficiaries of the African Development Bank’s (AfDB’s) ‘Improving Trade Facilitation’ project, the IGAD Secretariat and the Pan-African Chamber of Commerce and Industry (PACCI) with a summary of the impacts of the pandemic on trade along the Ethiopia-Djibouti corridor and trade facilitation more in general, as well as with broad recommendations on how to counter the effects. Because the Corridor is mainly used by Ethiopia, the focus of the analysis, in particular the economic analysis, is on Ethiopia rather the Djibouti.
DOCUMENTS PRODUCED
TRADE LOGISTICS AND FACILITATION ALONG THE ETHIOPIA-DJIBOUTI CORRIDOR
Trade facilitation is needed to enhance Ethiopia’s foreign trade performance. To contribute to this need, this study assesses features of Ethiopia’s trade facilitation from both the supply side (such as policies and institutions) as well as from the demand side (e.g. trading companies).
The present report analyses the trade facilitation and trade logistics issues which affect trade along the Ethiopia-Djibouti transport corridor. Because Ethiopia is the main user of the corridor, the analysis in this report primarily concentrates on this country’s trade performance, whereas the corridor’s performance is assessed for Ethiopia and Djibouti. Section 2 reviews recent trends in trade performance, also considering the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Section 3 introduces key concepts related to trade facilitation and logistics, before section 4 analyses trade logistics along the corridor. Institutions, policies, and regulations as well as recent reforms are reviewed in section 5. Section 6 addresses non-tariff measures affecting exports and imports; section 7 concludes.
DOCUMENTS PRODUCED
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS ALONG THE ETHIOPIA-DJIBOUTI CORRIDOR
The report is organized as follows: Section 2 reviews the main policies, strategies and plans in Ethiopia and Djibouti that constitute the regulatory basis for trade and transport along the corridor. Section 3 introduces the main relevant regulatory institutions in Ethiopia and Djibouti. Section 4 identifies and analyses the regulatory challenges impacting on trade and transport along the corridor. Section 5 presents conclusions and recommendations.
The report utilizes two main tools in its analysis. First, the methodology involves a review of existing studies, reports and other relevant documents. This desk review is used to assess policies, strategies and plans as well as legislation relevant to the Ethiopia-Djibouti corridor. Previous studies conducted on the corridor were also utilized to identify challenges and examine these challenges under current circumstances. Second, the report utilizes information gathered through interviews with logistics operators and regulatory institutions.
DOCUMENTS PRODUCED
CAPACITY ASSESSMENT OF BUSINESS ORGANISATIONS ALONG THE ETHIOPIA-DJIBOUTI CORRIDOR
Among the activities under the project was an assessment of the capacity of business organizations along the Ethiopia-Djibouti corridor. This report presents the findings of the capacity assessment. The approaches, findings, and recommendations of the study are presented in the next chapters. Chapter 2, Research Methodology, reviews the approach used to conduct the capacity assessment. It gives a brief overview of the research methodology, data collection methods, and data analysis tools implemented in this study. Chapter 3, Stakeholder Mapping, presents the main stakeholders involved in trade along the Ethio-Djibouti corridor. Chapter 4, Capacity Assessment, highlights the key findings from the capacity assessment study. Chapter 5, Capacity Development Plan, states the recommended capacity building support, based on the findings of the assessment.
Project Rationale
Despite steady increases in trade volumes and complexity in recent years, the IGAD region continues to experience substantial cross border and business environment related bottlenecks along its transport corridors. These include border delays occasioned by complicated documentation requirements, infrastructure congestion, smuggling, fraud, and security-related problems, which result in increased trade costs and high prices for consumers. These “hidden” costs of trade negatively affect the cost of doing business and economic development along the trade corridors and beyond in the IGAD member nations.
Facilitating trade and promoting private-sector participation in economic development are therefore essential to hasten the transformation of transport corridors into full-fledged economic corridors. The economic corridor approach emphasizes the linking of infrastructure improvements with real economic opportunities such as trade and investment. This includes efforts to address the social development and other outcomes of increased regional connectivity and cross-border trade. A recent analytical piece in the RDGE for the Ethiopia-Djibouti corridor, as well as a number of Analytical Briefs on regional integration that were prepared to inform the preparation of the Eastern Africa Regional Integration Strategy Paper (EA-RISP), as well as the Bank’s Regional Integration Strategy Framework (RISF 2018-25), also confirmed the need for improved trade facilitation for enhanced cross border trading, private sector competitiveness, and regional growth agenda.
In this regard, the PACCI and IGAD are each found to have prioritized and clearly articulated the need to design and implement measures that improve trade flows and competitiveness through better participation and capacity of the private sector, notably the SMEs along transport corridors within the neighboring countries. To transform these corridors from transport conduits for overseas imports and exports into economic corridors, some IGAD region countries have also identified the need to complement trade facilitation and business environment reforms together with improved business support services that focus on the route linking Ethiopia and Djibouti and Ethiopia and Somaliland.
For PACCI, the key role in this process includes identification of trade-related bottlenecks and business environment issues that affect the private sector, including the needed capacity building programs for private sector operators in understanding and adhering to the rules and procedures of dealing with trade facilitation procedures and capacity of the MSMEs and other private sector agents in creating better value addition as well as participation in the value chain of economic activities along the corridor. In addition, it also works to enhance business and trading environment for private sector operators through its mandate and role of advocacy on behalf of its members.
The complementary yet key role of the IGAD, in this process includes the development of coordinated and harmonized trade policy and trade facilitation procedures, identification and advocacy for the removal of recurring NTBs, institutional capacity building and awareness creation to different stakeholders along the corridors such as CSOs, customs officials and trade policymakers, officials of OSBPs and the like.
Consortium of Partners Introduction
IGAD - Intergovernmental Authority on Development
The Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) was created in 1996, with a revitalized mission and superseding the former Intergovernmental Authority on Drought and Development (IGADD) that was originally founded in 1986. The mission of the IGAD is to assist and complement the national level efforts of its eight Member States namely Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, Uganda, Eritrea and South Sudan) that are meant to achieve the following through increased cooperation: i) Food Security and environmental protection; ii) Promotion and maintenance of peace and security as well as humanitarian affairs, and iii) Economic cooperation and integration. The vision of IGAD is to be a premier regional organization for achieving peace, prosperity and regional integration among its member countries.
Within the above context, IGAD’s institutional documents clearly articulate that the objectives of IGAD (which is one of the eight RECs recognized by the AUC) include, among many1 the following: i) Promote joint development strategies and gradually harmonize macroeconomic policies and programs in the social, technological and scientific fields; ii) Harmonize policies with regard to trade, customs, transport, communications, agriculture, and natural resources, and promote free movement of goods, services, and people within the region; iii) Create an enabling environment for foreign, cross-border and domestic trade and investment; iv) Develop and improve a coordinated and complementary infrastructure, in the areas of transport, telecommunications and energy in the region; v) Promote and realize the objectives of the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) and the wider African Economic Community.
PACCI - Pan African Chamber of Commerce and Industry
PACCI is an international organization established in 2009 representing over 20 million businesses in Africa through 51 members(42 national associations of chambers of commerce and industry and 4 sub-regional chamber organizations, 5 industry associations). PACCI acts as the eyes, ears and voice of the business community at AU level. More than 95% of these businesses are small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). To keep pace with the ever-evolving continental trade landscape, PACCI actively participated in all the technical advisory committee meetings related to the AFCFTA negotiation. PACCI organized three biennium conferences under the theme ‘Africa Prosperity’discuss the challenges and opportunities of the AfCFTA with government officials, lawyers, traders and company representatives from various industries.
The efforts of a remarkably large and qualitative group of African business and trade experts has allowed PACCI to provide the AUC Secretariat in Addis Ababa and African government trade officials with practical input on ways to engage the private sector in the implementation of the AfCFTA. With the support of the UNECA/ATPC, PACCI supported the interregional pilot projects on advancing the concept of the Single Window, the publishing of the SW implementation guide, the cooperation agreements to collaborate with the African Alliance for Electronic Commerce to implement the African portal for foreign trade aimed at boosting intra-African trade.
Funded By
Upcoming Updates:
- COVID-19 Project Mitigation
- Project scope and timeline updates
